На сегодняшний день наиболее безопасным и эффективным способом пренатальной диагностики является УЗИ. Исследование помогает уже на ранних стадиях выявить возможные патологии плода, контролировать особенности его развития и состояние матки. Оно назначается женщинам в первой (на 11-13 неделе), второй (на 18-20 неделе) и третьей (на 32-34 неделе) триместре беременности. Более точные сроки скрининга определяет врач-гинеколог, ведущий беременность.
Ультразвуковое исследование с 5-6 недель беременности проводится для выявления в матке плодного яйца, оценки эмбриона, определения срока беременности. В настоящее время врач уже видит количество эмбрионов, слышит их сердцебиение. Если у женщины не первая беременность и в анамнезе было кесарево сечение, УЗИ беременной поможет обнаружить, не произошло ли прикрепление эмбриона в области рубца.
Будущая мама должна понять, что ультразвук не несет негативного влияния на плод и его собственный организм, поэтому процедура вполне безопасна.
УЗИ в первом триместре
Оптимальным сроком для визуализации эмбриона во время ультразвукового исследования является период с 12-й по 13-ю неделю беременности. Проводя обследование плода в это время, врач:
- проверяет наличие/отсутствие носовой кости, ее осификацию, толщину воротникового пространства, копчиково-теменный размер, а также кровоток на трехстворчатом клапане и в венозном протоке;
- оценивает исходные структуры мозга и черепа, чтобы исключить наличие серьезных аномалий;
- осматривает сердце плода, формирование желудка, мочевого пузыря, почек, позвоночника.
На этом скрининге также производится общий осмотр матки и яичников беременной. В первом триместре беременности специалисты рекомендуют будущей маме пройти УЗИ в сочетании с биохимическим скринингом. Это позволит исключить распространенные хромосомные патологии и генетические опасности плода.
УЗИ во втором триместре
С 18-й по 22-ю неделю беременная должна пройти очередное исследование. В этот период плод уже сформирован, и врач может оценить каждый орган, включая мозг и сердце, будущего ребенка, установить размер и вес плода. Рассчитать эти показатели можно по размерам окружности головы, живота и длине бедренной кости. Также на этом этапе производится оценка:
- околоплодных вод;
- структуры и расположение плаценты;
- длины шейки матки.
Это позволяет исключить вероятность патологических состояний, часто приводящих к осложнениям. Во втором триместре беременности будущая мама может узнать пол своего ребенка. Современные технологии позволяют сделать 3D/4D фотографии будущего малыша, которые можно записать на цифровой носитель.
УЗИ в третьем триместре
С 28 недели или позже гинеколог выдает направление на очередной скрининг. При исследовании специалист измеряет кровоток в артериях пуповины, венозном протоке, маточных артериях матери, а при соответствующих показателях – в сосудах плода. Также проводится подробный осмотр структур органов и систем плода, его размещение в матке, наличие или отсутствие обвития пуповиной, измеряется количество околоплодных вод. При определенном положении плода врач может сделать объемный снимок лица малыша, зафиксировать его эмоции.
Будущей маме нужно внимательно относиться к себе и своему состоянию, поэтому следует посещать все назначенные врачом диагностические процедуры УЗИ беременных. Это поможет контролировать беременность и в назначенное время родить сильного и здорового ребенка.
Записаться к врачу можно на официальном сайте современной клиники MED OK с новейшим оборудованием.
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