На сьогодні найбільш безпечним та ефективним способом пренатальної діагностики є УЗД. Дослідження допомагає вже на ранніх стадіях виявити можливі патології плоду, контролювати особливості його розвитку та стан матки. Воно призначається жінкам у першому (на 11-13 тижні), другому (на 18-20 тижні) та третьому (на 32-34 тижні) триместрі вагітності. Більш точні терміни скринінгу визначає лікар-гінеколог, який веде вагітність.
Ультразвукове дослідження з 5-6 тижня вагітності проводиться для виявлення у матці плідного яйця, оцінки ембріона, визначення терміну вагітності. В цей час лікар вже бачить кількість ембріонів, чує їх серцебиття. Якщо у жінки не перша вагітність і в анамнезі був кесарів розтин, УЗД вагітної допоможе виявити, чи не відбулося прикріплення ембріона в області рубця.
Майбутня мама повинна зрозуміти, що ультразвук не несе негативного впливу на плід та її власний організм, тому процедура є цілком безпечною.
УЗД у першому триместрі
Оптимальним терміном для візуалізації ембріона під час ультразвукового дослідження є період з 12-го по 13-й тиждень вагітності. Проводячи обстеження плоду у цей час, лікар:
- перевіряє наявність/відсутність носової кістки, її осифікацію, товщину комірцевого простору, куприко-тім’яний розмір, а також кровотік на тристулковому клапані та у венозній протоці;
- оцінює початкові структури мозку та черепа, щоб виключити наявність серйозних аномалій;
- оглядає серце плоду, формування шлунку, сечового міхура, нирок, хребта.
На цьому скринінгу також проводиться загальний огляд матки та яєчників вагітної. У першому триместрі вагітності спеціалісти рекомендують майбутній мамі пройти УЗД в поєднанні з біохімічним скринінгом. Це дозволить виключити поширені хромосомні патології і генетичні ризики плоду.
УЗД у другому триместрі
З 18-го по 22-й тиждень вагітна має пройти чергове дослідження. У цей період плід вже сформований, і лікар може оцінити кожний орган, зокрема мозок і серце, майбутньої дитини, встановити розмір та вагу плода. Розрахувати ці показники можна за розмірами окружності голови, живота та довжиною стегнової кістки. Також на цьому етапі проводиться оцінка:
- навколоплідних вод;
- структури та розташування плаценти;
- довжини шийки матки.
Це дозволяє виключити ймовірність патологічних станів, що часто призводять до ускладнень. У другому триместрі вагітності майбутня мама може дізнатися стать своєї дитини. Сучасні технології дозволяють зробити 3D/4D фотографії майбутнього малюка, які за бажанням можна записати на цифровий носій.
УЗД у третьому триместрі
З 28 тижня або пізніше гінеколог видає направлення на черговий скринінг. При дослідженні спеціаліст вимірює кровотік в артеріях пуповини, венозній протоці, маткових артеріях матері, а при відповідних показниках — у судинах плоду. Також проводиться детальний огляд структур органів та систем плода, його розміщення у матці, наявність або відсутність обвиття пуповиною, вимірюється кількість навколоплідних вод. При певному положенні плоду лікар може зробити об’ємний знімок обличчя малюка, зафіксувати його емоції.
Майбутній мамі потрібно уважно ставитися до себе і свого стану, тому варто відвідувати усі призначені лікарем діагностичні процедури УЗД вагітних. Це допоможе контролювати вагітність і у призначений час народити сильну та здорову дитину.
Записатися до лікаря у Вінниці можна на офіційному сайті сучасної клініки MED OK з новітнім обладнанням.
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