Четвер, 15 Жовтня, 2026

Вінниця у період німецької окупації: спогади, що були опубліковані у XXI столітті

Чимало горя пережили вінничани під час німецької окупації у роки Другої світової війни. Та не всі наважувались розповідати про пережите одразу після звільнення. Таким був й вінницький лікар Василь Куликов, що вів щоденник, який дозволив опублікувати не раніше, як у XXI столітті. Ці записи були надруковані вже його внуком Євгенієм Падченком та видані книжкою під назвою “Окупація Вінниці (18.07.1941-20.03.1944). Спогади очевидця”, повідомляє vn.20minut.ua. Далі на yes-vinnytsia.

Не всі змогли евакуюватись

Розповідь розпочинається з евакуації населення. Першими виїхали так звані “чекісти” зі своїми родинами 2 липня 1941. Через три дні у товарному вагоні виїхали сім’ї співробітників санчастини та декого з тих чоловіків, кого не призвали до армії. Останній поїзд відправився з міста 10 липня. Василь Куликов дізнався про евакуацію в останню чергу, тому виїхати не встиг.

15 липня лікаря викликали до прокурора НКВС, де розірвали його евакуаційне посвідчення та додали, що він потрібен буде Вінниці. Тому надалі вибратись з міста вже не було можливості.

18 липня німецький десант висадився у Старому місті та взяв його під контроль. Наступного дня до міста підійшли основні сили, ефективно дати відсіч не вийшло, тому червоноармійці стали відступати на Замостя, підірвавши всі три мости. 20 липня Вінниця опинилась під німецьким контролем.

Місто три дні було без нагляду

Перші три дні місто не мало органів влади: зупинилась робота водогону, не виготовляли хліб, магазини, ринки, склади, аптеки та будинки зазнавали грабежів, проте окупанти не звертали не це уваги, адже переймались тільки за власні речі. Хоч вони й розвішували плакати з нагадуванням, що за мародерство будуть розстрілювати, бандитів це не зупиняло, адже на німецьке майно вони не посягали.

Схожа поведінка була й зі сторони німецьких солдатів, щоправда, у більших масштабах. Вони вивозили з області худобу, промислову сировину, техніку та обладнання. У місті ввели комендантську годину з 22 години до 5 ранку. Німці відкривали магазини та заклади із поміткою “тільки для своїх”.

Тільки під вечір 23 липня професор Севастьянов зміг домовитись зі штадткомісаром Маргенфельдом про створення “Тимчасового управління містом Вінниця”. Грабежі припинились, підприємства знову відновили роботу, налагодили електропостачання, роботу водопроводу

В ніч з 27 на 28 грудня 1943 року “голова міста” зник, а місто знову лишилось без контролю. Через кілька днів Вінницею маршем йшли підрозділи танкової армії, яких було чути у всіх куточках міста. 6 січня 1944 до міста знову повернулася німецька влада.

Знищення євреїв

У своїх записах Василь Куликов присвятив немало уваги й тяжкій долі євреїв. Вони не могли працювати, відповідно не мали на що купити їжі, їх виганяли з будинків та наказали носити зірку Давида на одязі, аби було легше розпізнати. Протягом тижня у місцеву тюрму доставляли всіх, хто чинив опір, євреїв та циганів, а кожної п’ятниці фашисти проводили розстріли. У книзі детально висвітлено два масові розстріли євреїв. За загадками лікаря, перший відбувся 19 вересня 1941 року, коли вбили 16 тисяч, другий — 16 квітня 1942 року, тоді розстріляли 9 тисяч євреїв, зокрема й дітей.

“Опублікувати не раніше XXI століття”

У цих записах висвітлені власні спостереження лікаря, що став очевидцем страшних подій протягом трьох років окупації Вінниці. Василь Куликов не намагався догодити ні радянській владі, ні окупантам, а тому він додав невелику примітку: “Опублікувати не раніше XXI століття”. Скоріше за все це було пов’язано із тим, що він згадував чимало імен та не хотів нашкодити ні їм, ні їх нащадкам. 

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